The conviction ratio for female children in 2019 was 67%, 4 percentage points lower than in 2015 and 3 percentage points lower than the male child conviction ratio (70%) in 2019. The proportion of PNDs issued to females was stable at 22% until 2018 when it fell to 19% and then to 18% in 2019. This compared to Black females, accounting for 6% of all female prosecutions White female defendants accounted for 87% of all female prosecutions, and this has been broadly stable since 2015. A higher proportion of males were proceeded against for indictable offences (22%) compared to females (10%). , Figures refers only to those with known ethnicity; for this group, ethnicity coverage was 72% in 2019. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Main national tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender. The national divorce rate is 7.6 per 1,000 couples in 2022. (2020). , Self-declared from HR records, as at 1 April 2019. This idea was developed in the 1980s by Richard Gardner, a crank psychiatrist who thought child sexual abuse is not necessarily traumatic, and that mothers who don't fulfil their partners. The only exceptions are when we are deliberately discussing all aged offenders. A contributing factor is the greater availability of females when an enforcement officer visits the home[footnote 116]. For females, this was followed by strangulation, asphyxiation (17%), and, for males, hitting, kicking, etc. (18%). In 2019, 15% of the total crime lower legal aid workload was for female clients and this proportion has remained stable over the last 5-year period[footnote 41]. Detail how users will be informed of the need for revisions. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions accounted for 51% of all offenders in 2019, 86% were male, compared to 14% who were female. , National liaison and diversion services offence groups are based on those used by the Home Office and are not directly comparable to those used in Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019, which are used throughout the majority of this bulletin. Following prosecution, defendants found guilty are subsequently convicted and sentenced. Females were typically dealt with for less severe offences at court. This was much higher than the proportion of all year 11 pupils who had SEN without a statement (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 108] (13% for young females and 18% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 109] (10% for both young females and 14% for young males). , The data used for this section are sourced from the magistrates court administrative database LIBRA-MIS. Other defendants such as companies and public bodies are also excluded. They are awarded National Statistics status following an assessment by the Authoritys regulatory arm. This reflects the difference in relationship to suspect in cases for men and women with women much more likely to be killed by an acquaintance. We will provide further updates regarding the availability of a consistent back series in subsequent Criminal Court Statistics publications[footnote 44]. The given number currently represents about . Figure 7.11: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with a record of persistent absence, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.4). , Data are from the most recently published Homicide in England and Wales, 2018/19. Figure 7.01 Proportion of prosecutions for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. , Excluding companies and those of unknown sex, which accounted for 10% of the total number of defendants in 2019. Youth custody report for November 2014 published. Self-harm per individual was over twice as high for females at 9.3 instances, compared to 4.4 for males. It is important to note in the following analysis that there are many young people in the overall pupil population that have the characteristics described and do not go on to offend[footnote 93]. For more information and statistics on criminal court timeliness please refer to the Criminal Court Statistics (quarterly): January to March 2020 bulletin. This report is also accompanied by an infographic summarising key findings. Over a three-year timeseries, a larger proportion of males aged 16-59 had experienced only one form of abuse in the last year (84.6%) compared to females the same age (77.9%)[footnote 18]. Youth custody data report for June 2014 published. Crime higher concerns legal representation in the Crown Court and above. No causative links can be drawn from these summary statistics, differences observed may indicate areas worth further investigation, but should not be taken as evidence of unequal treatments or as direct effects of sex. Key Child Custody Statistics 2023 Approximately 29% of child custody decisions are made without mediators or court hearings. In 2019/20, 7,002 prisoners completed the survey of which 694 were female. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. However, these data have been extracted from large administrative and survey data systems generated by the courts, police forces and other agencies. Youth custody data for December 2016 published. In 2019, male children had an ACSL of 19.1 months and female children had an ACSL of 19.0 months. However, the proportion of senior staff who were female was lower than the proportion of staff at all grades across the CJS organisations considered in this section. Figure 9.01: Proportion of practitioners in organisations involved in the CJS of each sex, by organisation, most recent year available vs. five years prior. Youth custody report for August 2013 published. Theft from shops was the most common indictable offence for which 34% of females and 14% of males were convicted in 2019. The overall levels of attainment for the cohort are slightly higher for the young female group, with 46% achieving 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G, including English and Maths, compared to 43% for young males. Perceptions of the Criminal Justice System. Isn't It Gender Discrimination? Figure 5.02: Individuals dealt with formally by the CJS, by sex, 2015 to 2019. May in certain circumstances also be suitable when the Court is considering custody. , Equivalently, a Key Stage 4 (KS4) academic year of 2013/14 and 2014/15. In 2018, the Ministry of Justice published the Female Offender Strategy, which sets out the departments vision and plan to improve outcomes for women in the community and custody. , Department of Work and Pensions benefits statistics. The biggest difference between males and females in median days from offence to completion is the 102 days more (25%) for females in fraud offence cases, which can be explained by the 108 days higher offence to charge for females in comparison to males. (Office of National Statistics) In 2007, 27.6% of children lived with their mother in the UK, while just 2.4% lived only with their father. The overall levels of FSM eligibility for the cohort was slightly higher for the young female group (61%) compared to the young male group (57%). The data described comes from various sources including the Home Office. Twenty-nine percent of fathers see their children, 1-4 times a month. Of all female defendants prosecuted at court, 55% were prosecuted for summary non-motoring offences compared to 29% of male defendants in the latest year. Youth custody report for August 2015 published. Females accounted for 15% of arrests, unchanged since 2015/16. Over the last 5 years, a higher proportion of males were bailed or remanded in custody. This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/women-and-the-criminal-justice-system-2019/women-and-the-criminal-justice-system-2019. , Children can be sentenced to custody in three different establishment types: Young Offender Institutions are for males aged 15-17 only, no females. In 2019, the custody rate for these offences was 46% for females and 72% for males. When split by sex, larger percentage decreases were seen over the last 5 years for female adults (25%) and children (31%) compared to males (21% and 26% respectively). , The cautioning rate is the number of offenders who were given a caution divided by the number who were either cautioned or convicted (excluding summary motoring offences). Youth custody data for October 2017 published. Overall, over half of young offenders sentenced or cautioned in the matched cohort had SEN without a statement, 61% for young females and 60% for young males. In June 2019, the number of children and young people up to 18 years old in secure estates[footnote 61] was 885, of which 3% were female. , Bespoke analysis from the 2019-20 Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) annual report can be found in the chapter tables, published alongside this report. The largest difference between genders in proportions of persistent absence was seen for those who were dealt with by a community penalty. This is reflected in the higher proportion of females remanded in custody who were sentenced to immediate custody at magistrates court, 17% in 2019 compared to 13% for males. In 2019, 1.07 million offenders were sentenced, of which 27% were female, a proportion which has remained stable over the last 5 years. In the year ending March 2020 (referred to as 2019/20 throughout), the proportion of adults who were victim of a CSEW crime (excluding fraud and computer misuse) was 13.3%, down from 14.9% the year before, with no significant difference between men and women. The majority (95%) of the prison population were male. It has not been possible to accurately replicate the existing methodology and produce robust estimates in time for this release following changes to the way that data are recorded. Youth custody data for June 2017 published. Over the last 5 years, the number of individual formally dealt with has decreased but the proportions have remained constant. Annual figures are then produced by aggregating the four 3-monthly cohorts within each given year. The largest difference in proportions between genders for fixed period exclusion was seen for those who were dealt with by a suspended sentence. , See technical guide for information on the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983). Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within the secure estate. This offence accounted for 30% of all female convictions, compared to 4% of male convictions. Please send any comments to: datausers@justice.gov.uk. Police station advice alone accounts for 71% of the workload for both sexes in 2019, increasing from around 60% since 2012. Youth custody data - October data published. There are few comparisons to the population as a whole, but we have considered this to be 51% female, as based on Mid-year Population Estimates from the Office for National Statistics. Analysis of offender characteristics such as SEN and FSM is also based on academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15. Compared to male offenders, a larger proportion of females were given suspended sentences. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. To help us improve GOV.UK, wed like to know more about your visit today. This report is a compendium of information from a range of data sources from across the CJS on the representation of females (and males) among victims, suspects, defendants and offenders. The overall cautioning rate has been gradually decreasing over the last 5 years, from 18% in 2015 to 11% in 2019, and has been consistently lower for females than males, at 7% for females and 11% for males in 2019. A lower proportion of females paid their PNDs in full (47%) compared to males (51%) and had a slightly higher proportion of fines registered (36% compared to 35%). Figure 7.02 Conviction ratios for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. Three-year time series refers to 2016/17 to 2018/19. Little is known, however, about child custody evaluators beliefs, background, knowledge about domestic violence, and other factors that may shape their recommendations1 regarding custody and parent-child visitation arrangements. At 53%, oral fast delivery PSRs[footnote 53] were more common, especially for females (females 60%, males 52%), while standard PSRs[footnote 54], which are given for more serious offences, were much less common and were given proportionally more often to male offenders (4%) compared with female offenders (1%). Similar proportions are seen in convictions. A huge 40% of married American households feature a woman who is a primary breadwinner, but only 3% of American spousal support arrangements are paid to ex-husbands. The proportions of female practitioners vary across the CJS organisations (Figure 9.01)[footnote 121]. , In this section, children are the standard unit we are describing, even when not explicitly stating so in the text. Youth custody data - February 2014 published. As at 30 June 2019, 5% of the prison population were female, this proportion has remained stable for the last 5 years. National Statistics status means that official statistics meet the highest standards of trustworthiness, quality and public value. In 2019, sentences for female offenders had a higher level of concordance with their pre-sentence report (excluding Other) (66%) than male offenders (59%). In 2019, the median average days from the offence to the completion of the criminal case was 153 days for females and 162 for males. In the 2017/18 cohort, the reoffending rate was higher for males at 30%, compared to 23% for females. Figure 7.10: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with Special Educational Needs without a statement, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.3). In 2019/20, violence against the person and theft offences accounted for the largest proportion of arrests for both males and females. A fast delivery PSR is only suitable where the case was of low seriousness or medium seriousness, and where the court indicates that a community sentence is being considered. , From April 2017, the upper age limit for the self-completion module was increased to ask all respondents aged 16 to 74. Lone parents with dependent children represented 17% of all families with dependent children in 2019, and females accounted for 91% of these lone parents[footnote 117]. In 2019[footnote 43], the majority of defendants for triable-either-way cases that were sent to the Crown Court were sent on the direction of the magistrate (85%). Penalty Notices for Disorder (PND)[footnote 32] issued. This may result in a single offender being included in the annual cohort more than once. The proportion of young offenders with SEN without a statement across each disposal (except fine) was slightly higher for young female offenders, particularly for custodial sentences. Figure 7.05: Proportion of children in the Criminal Justice System, by sex, England and Wales, 2019. The remains . Divorce Rate by Gender; The Rate of Divorce by Age; . , Defendants with unknown age and sex are excluded. For both young males and young females that received a sentence/caution in the matched offender cohort, over half (57% of males and 61% of females) received Free School Meals (FSM). Compared to males, a significantly higher proportion of females reported: self-declared mental health problems, physical disability, having drug and alcohol problems, money worries and housing worries. In homicides where the principal suspect was known to the victim, 67% of cases with female victims suspected the partner/ex-partner. , Data is from CSEW 2019 annual supplementary tables. Males were serving longer custodial sentence lengths. , Breakdown by offence type is not available in the CSEW 2019/20 data. In 2018/19, 671 homicides took place; 64% of victims were male and 36% were female. Among children aged 6 and under, only 18 percent were in the sole custody of their fathers or in joint custody. In 2019/20, there was a significant difference between males (63.4%) and females (57.3%) who perceived the Criminal Justice System to be fair, as seen in previous years. All court reports included in published PSR statistics relate to offenders of known sex. Male homicide victims had higher prevalence in all age groups, except those over 65, and 5-15, where females were more often the victim. , Further information regarding the impacts on published estimates of the ongoing data reforms seen in the criminal courts can be found at the following link: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020, Plea data is sourced from the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 bulletin and excludes companies, defendants with unknown sex and unknown plea. The custody of children had already been the subject of parliamentary action in 1839. As at 30 June 2019, there were 9,100 prisoners held on remand (unsentenced), 6% of the prison population held on remand were female and this proportion was stable over the last 5 years. In 2019, the most common sentence for this offence was a fine, received by 87% of females sentenced and 90% of males. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Youth custody report for May 2016 published. This was significantly higher than the 3.4% of female adult victims in the same year (no significant change from 3.7% the previous year). Of all female offenders cautioned or convicted in 2019, 35% were first time offenders, compared to 22% for males. Additionally, men are awarded less support on average than mothers who are awarded support. The number of PNDs issued has continued to decline over the last 5 years, falling from 47,400 in 2015 by 58% to 19,800 in 2019. When men get awarded child support, they average 17% less than women. , This section looks at persons only and excludes those where sex is not stated. The increasing trend for both male and female defendants who were not remanded and bailed by police has stabilised with small changes in the latest year. The defendant can be directed to appear in court or remanded on bail or custody. The custody rate for this offence was 19% for females in 2019, compared with 26% for males. In 2019, 50% of PNDs were paid in full, and 35% resulted in a fine for late payment. As with custodial sentences, females on average received shorter community orders (11.6 months) and suspended sentence orders (16.6 months) on compared to males (at 12.5 and 17.3 months respectively). The most recent data in this report are from the Child Support Supplement (CSS) to the April 2018 Current Population Survey (CPS). The difference was greatest amongst those receiving fines, where a greater proportion of young females attained this level (22%) than the young male group (15%). Over the last 5 years, these proportions have been gradually increasing. Please note that the data for the Open Data for June 2021 has been amended. Youth custody report: September 2017 published. In 2019, 86% of female offenders were sentenced to a fine with an average fine of 230, compared to 72% of male offenders with an average fine of 302. Report and data for March 2018 published. See technical guide for more information. Youth custody report for April 2015 published. Young males receiving less than 12 months in custody were less likely to receive any pass in GCSEs than young females (60% v 67%). Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) for England & Wales aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public.
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