The Gros Ventre taught it to the Blackfoot about 1883. Monument to, and history of the Mingo Indians; facts and traditions about this tribe, their wars, chiefs, camps, villages and trails. The Mingos were noted for having a bad reputation and were sometimes referred to as Blue Mingos or Black Mingos for . The fort was defended by about 60 militianearly Hopewell earthworks in the Cuyahoga Valley are in places like Everett Village where national park archeologists found evidence of house posts and cooking hearths. Hopewell was a culture, like how Western culture is today. Rites for these ceremonies would generally begin in the evening and continue until the following dawn and were restricted by some tribes only to men. Team Shawnee welcomes new hire Ashley Shawnee as the new Administrative Assistant. (315) 371-4527 fax. The Mingo Tribes. Some form of sun dance has been reported for all the tribes of this area except the Comanche, Omaha, Iowa, Kansa, Missouri, Osage, Oto, Pawnee, Wichita, Bannock, and Nez Perce: that even some of these formerly practiced it, is probable. She is of Mattaponi, Pamunkey (Powhatan Nation), Narragansett and Nottoway (Iroquois) descent. The group consisted of members of both the Seneca and Cayuga nations. Recently, the Blackfoot have carried the dance to the Flathead and Kootenai tribes to the west. Some of these ceremonies are coming of age, marriage, hunting, and death. There were believed to be over 100 tribes and groups that spoke over 200 dialects in the region. At noon on Saturday, Sept. 18, amidst a carnival type atmosphere, Eaton and Coffee unveiled . [Cumberland, Md., Printed by F. B. Jenvy, 1921] Web.. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://lccn.loc.gov/21009444. They were recognized by the federal government in 1937 as the SenecaCayuga Tribe of Oklahoma. Daniel thinks he should stand trial in Salem and their friendship is put to the test - a fight to the death. In Kansas, the Mingo joined other Seneca and Cayuga bands, and the tribes shared the Neosho Reservation. Archeologists have also found ocean seashells from the Gulf Coast and Michigan copper in excavations of this period. Miles. Again, many objects are not put down directly but moved around in a sunwise direction. They fished the river and streams and also gathered hickory nuts, walnuts, berries, seeds, and other plant foods. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Some of the most famous Native American dances include: Deer Dance, Pipe Dance, Rain Dance, Dog Dance, Scalp Dance, Hopi Snake Dance, Green Corn Dance, Sun Dance, War Dance, Ghost Dance, Hoop Dance, Doll Dance and Buffalo Dance. Some tribes even believe that they were made from corn by the Great Spirits. Cobb, William H., Andrew Price and Hu Maxwell (1921), This page was last edited on 8 February 2023, at 16:59. They were often called Sennegars, which was said to have been the frontiersmans pronounciation of Seneca, but sounds oftly like Sen-niggers. Coffee beans provide many of the people with jobs and a majority of their traditional foods contain coffee beans. The university will honor the achievements of the Class of 2021 with a combination of virtual and in-person celebrations throughout Commencement Weekend, May 21-23 the highlight of which will be six in-person ceremonies to ensure every graduating student is able to celebrate with their loved ones, while still following public health measures This is shown in the almost entire absence of masks and ceremonial costume. Continue Reading. They also embraced ceremonies and rituals that provided power to conquer the difficulties of life, as wells as events and milestones, such as puberty, marriage, and death. The Mingos are often found referenced as sent to live among the Delaware to ensure that the Delaware behaved according to Iroquois mandate, and mention of the Mingo is generally found describing a people associated with Ohio to which the Delaware eventually migrated. The language spoken by Mingolians is diverse because it is one that is not spoken a lot in South America. Hopewell culture reached Northeast Ohio about 2,100 years ago. (315) 371-3544 downstairs What did the mingo. Logan the Great Mingo (1725-1774) and the Evil Days that Came Upon Him. The chicken is of course spiced which the coffee beans found and planted by the coffee farmers here in Mingo. The remaining four -- Rodney Pierce, Kyle Dowdy Sr., Kevin Johnny-John and master-of-ceremonies William J. Crouse Sr. -- answered their elders' calls and chants and engaged in a series of short . on the Internet. In the US, these governments are recognized as separate tribes. The best known example of this is the Omaha or Grass dance which has been reported for the Arapaho, Pawnee, Omaha, Dakota, Crow, Gros Ventre, Assiniboin, and Blackfoot. Indian Creek near Mingo, IA. [Cumberland, Md., Printed by F. B. Jenvy, 1921] Web.. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <lccn.loc.gov . They Ate: * Deer * Elk * Buffalo * Berries * Nuts That, is what they ate! The sweat house is used for preliminary purification and incense is burned at intervals during the ceremony. The southwest region included New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Texas, Colorado and parts of Mexico. Unlike the Hopewell, they didnt have a complex trade network. "Mingo" was a outsider's name applied by Anglo-American settlers in the Ohio valley. With in the enclosure on the left side an altar is made. It is held annually the fourth weekend in April, in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The Green Corn Festival is also a religious renewal, with various religious ceremonies. The Inuit tribe like many native tribes have their own special customs and ceremonies. The only musical instruments used in these ceremonies are rattles, drums, and whistles. Many of the Indians grew uneasy. * They used Tomahawks as weapons, and or tools. Groups of Archaic peoples hunted the valleys deer, wild turkeys, elk, and bear. Iroquoian-speaking people native to central New York, U.S. He goes on to say that after all of his research he has come to the conclusion that, My reading and study upon the origin of the human race has brought me to the belief that man is indigenous to America; that is, that the prehistoric man of the Western Hemisphere was created or brought to being in this country, and that in no wise conflicts with the biblical story of the creation; man could have gone from this country as well as in Asia to America and Go could have started the race here as well as in Asia. The rich history of Ancient America has been hidden, and this jewel of a book has revealed much to be researched on. Despite the complex linguistic landscape, most of the peoples living in this region lived similar lives, with family-based groups of hunters-gatherers. rental house in winslow, az by owner. The Mingo [Sometimes found as the Ohio Seneca Indians] and Their Chief Logan. Like other Indian ceremonies, fire and incense were also used to cleanse the mind and body. The name as used in literature is probably derived from the Dakota w r ho speak of one phase of the ceremony as sun-gaze-dancing: i. e., the worshipper gazes steadily at the sun while dancing. The Mingo was a Confederacy that included: the Mingo, Seneca, Mohawk, Onendagee, Cayuga, and Oneida tribes. The Mingo are both a tribe (nation), and a nickname for people of indigenous Iroquois heritageand later for indigenous people in general. The Mingo originally lived closer to the . Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. Whatever happened, no one lived in northern Ohio between 1650 and the 1730s. The first thing one noticed about these performers was the difference in their ages. A lighted pipe is not only frequently passed during a ceremony but is also filled to the accompaniment of ceremonial movements and offered with prayers to many or all of the recognized sources of the higher powers. Most people speak French and since we are a multicultural nation, most of us also speak English or Spanish. He described the race of people in america as equal to the Mediterraneans, which inspired Christopher Columbus to locate the place Plato wrote of. The Mingos were an independent group in the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy: Cayuga nation, Mohawk, Oneida, Seneca nation in Western New York State, Tuscarora, and Onondaga and were mostly Senecas and Cayugas. A feast of dogs flesh is served at which many members formally give away property to the poor. This seems to have come from the north and resembles a form of dance once common among the half-breed Canadians. Tribes and their cultures varied depending on the region of the country. Although the Iroquois Confederacy had claimed hunting rights and sovereignty over much of the Ohio River Valley since the late 17th century, these peoples in Ohio increasingly acted independently. Divided into more than a thousand different tribes, Native Americans have a rich, diversified culture that is still very much alive today. They moved around, following game and gathering the foods in season. The clothing worn by both the males and females of the tribes were extraordinarily detailed. The principal belief was that an Indian Messiah was about to appear to destroy the white race, and restore the buffalo with all former customs. The Author of the book History of the Mingo Indians goes on to say,..will confine my remarks to an historic race that preceded the tribe we call American Indians. Submit RFP. Asked by: Hester Jaskolski. They were gone before the first explorers passed through the Cuyahoga Valley in the late 1600s. The Mingo were not actually an Indian tribe, but a multi-cultural group of Indians that established several communities within present-day West Virginia. Spirituality is an integral part of their very being. The language family of French is Indo-European and it belongs in the G. group. In the Plains, however, it has Indian songs and other undoubtedly native features. Varying widely from tribe to tribe, some tribes, such as the Sioux and Navajo used a medicine wheel, a sacred hoop, and would sing and dance in ceremonies that might last for days. They waged war on the southern tribes and spoke the Iroquois language. Chief Logan was the head of the Mingo Indians, a tribe that Mingo County is named after, according to The West Virginia Encyclopedia. In 1902, several years before Oklahoma Territory was admitted as a state, 372 members of the joint tribe received individual land allotments under a federal program to extinguish communal tribal land holdings so that statehood could take place, and to encourage assimilation to the European-American model. The tide of white blood was surging ever farther into the west, and the Indians' hunting grounds. Rather, their beliefs and practices form an integral and seamless part of their very being. This diffusion in historic times, makes it one of the most suggestive phenomena for students of Indian life, since it affords an indisputable example of culture diffusion. A parade is organized to honor those who fought and risked their lives for a greater cause. You can leave a legacy for generations of West Virginia 4-H'ers to come by supporting 4-H camp scholarships. A wide variety of religions exist in Mingo. In conclusion of The History of the Mingo Indians, the author asks a question of whether all races came from the Adam-Eve race, or if there was a predamite. Even within historic times, there have been several interesting religious developments among the Plains Indians. The Seneca came to Ohio around the 1740s and 1750s from upstate New York around the time of the Beaver Wars, ultimately leaving the Iroquois Confederacy and later joining the Cayuga. The program, part of the ongoing American Sampler Festival of Music, Dance and Culture, continues with a series of films exploring various images of native Americans as well as a clinic and demonstration game of lacrosse, an Iroquois sport. The Cuyahoga Valley had an Ottawa camp north of Boston. All such manipulations are likely to be common to all ceremonies and therefore not distinctive or significant. The Mingos were an independent group in the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy and were mostly made up of Senecas and Cayugas. Over 500 tribes from around the United States and Canada participate. The majority of Mingolians still follow Judaism today as a symbol of respect towards the founders of their beloved country. Instead, the buttons, either fresh or dried, were eaten or ground into a powder and drank in a tea. As in all Indian ceremonies, dancing played a large part, but in this case the dancers usually fell into a hypnotic trance and upon recovering recounted their visions and supernatural experiences. Upon this, offerings of cloth are made to the sun. Vision Quests Numerous Native Americanspracticed the rite of Vision Quests, which was often taken by older children before puberty to find themselves and their lifes direction. During the French-Indian War Logan would. ' Who are the American Indians and who are the race that proceeded them? The Navajo perceived that living to old age was a sign of a life well-lived, thus ensuring that the soul would be born again. Dancing is an integral part of the Native American culture and their rituals and ceremonies. This meal is best served with rice and is a favorite classic of many Mingolians. Advertisement. [2] The story can be read as issuing an indictment of American imperialism[3] by depicting Indigenous genocide as central to the American story.[4]. Little did they know that the Spanish were already therestealing resources and enslaving the indigenous and Native Americans. The Iroquois Confederation consisted of the Onondaga, Cayuga, Oneida, Seneca, and Mohawk until early in the eighteenth century, when a tribe of Southern Indians-the Tuscarora-was taken in as the sixth nation. Today, the tribe numbers over 5,000 members. Rituals, dances and ceremonies were performed to appease The Great Spirit or the spirits of their ancestors. They even go so far now and then, as to formally put away a wife as the greatest act of self-denial. To ensure a safe journey, they wash their dead with natural yucca suds and dress them in traditional clothes. * Some people believed that the Mingo's were Iroquois. Humming Bird Classical Golf Tournament (Utica), Humming Bird Classic Golf Tournament (Rome), Humming Bird Classical Golf Tournament (Rome). It was openly designed to raise money. The arrival of European settlers marked a major change in Native American culture. The southeast consisted of several well-known indigenous tribes, including the Chickasaw, Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw and Seminole. When Pontiac's Rebellion broke out in 1763 against the British at the end of the French and Indian War, many Mingo joined with other tribes in an attempt to drive the British out of the Ohio Country. They continue to maintain cultural and religious ties to the Six Nations of the Iroquois, which have been based largely in Ontario, Canada since after the American Revolutionary War. Thomas Jeffersons Notes is the oldest document that mentions the Mingos (Mohicans). The Hopewell werent a tribe or a group of people who lived in the same place. At that time, U.S. There are accounts of forts that were attacked by the Mingo in what is now present day West Virginia. Mingo was named after the Mingo Indian Tribe, also known as the Iroquois Indians. In the spirit of friendly camp competition, we are inviting you to support your favorite 4-H tribe in the Camp Challenge. At the time, Great Britain ceded its territory south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River to the newly independent American states, including most of the lands controlled by the Iroquois in New York and Pennsylvania. Other Native American traditions, beliefs and religions were based on the culture of shamanism, under which the Shaman or Medicine Man of the tribe served as a medium between the spirit world and the visible world. Her passion is reconnecting people with history that is lesser known or hidden and genealogy. Current conditions of DISCHARGE and GAGE HEIGHT are available. Jefferson speaks of the war between the Mingos and Massawemacs (Algonquins/Lenape/Powhatan) in Virginia when Capt. It is believed that Shamans and Medicine Men had the power to heal the sick, see the future and control the hunt. Cheyenne Peyote Leader by Edward S. Curtis. The Coushattas (Koasatis), an important Muskogean-speaking Indian tribe, had moved to village sites near what is now Montgomery, Alabama, when discovered by the French at the beginning of the eighteenth century. Native Americans First Owners of America, Byways & Historic Trails Great Drives in America, Soldiers and Officers in American History, Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas Declaring Independence, Stanley, Ks Extinct but Still Here (LOK), Black Bob Reservation in Johnson County (LOK). The group consisted of members of both the Seneca and Cayuga nations. The enthusiasm over the new ghost dance religion spread over the several Dakota Indian reservations, resulting in the attempted arrest and killing of the famous Sitting-bull by the Indian police and hostile demonstrations on the Pine Ridge Reservation, under the leadership of Short-bull and Kicking-bear. The people who became known as Mingo migrated to the Ohio Country along the river in the mid-eighteenth century, part of a movement of various Native American tribes away from European pressures to a region that had been sparsely populated for decades but controlled as a hunting ground by the Iroquois League of the Five Nations. Traditional foods and special herbs are served and placed at the graveside. Some of the first Europeans that the Indians would meet were often missionaries who looked upon Native American Spirituality practices as worthless superstition inspired by the Christian devil. Thus, among the Indians of the North Pacific area, the Pueblos of the Southwest, and the Iroquois of the Woodlands, we find persons in ceremonies dressed and masked to represent the various gods or supernatural creatures and who act out parts of the ritual. The Seneca-Cayuga. Next stir in the scallions for around 2 minutes and then add salt or any other toppings. [1] and from Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America [2]. (For examples see the Blackfoot and Crow collections.) In addition to the above ceremonial practices, there are a number of procedures deserving special mention. (315) 371-3545 offices The Mingo people are an Iroquoian group of Native Americans, primarily Seneca and Cayuga, who migrated west from New York to the Ohio Country in the mid-18th century, and their descendants. It is not far wrong to say that all these ceremonies are demonstrations of the ritual associated with some bundle or objects and represent the original visions or experiences in which the whole was handed down. Jefferson lists the Mingos as separate from the Senecas, who he shows as numbering 650 in 1779 and living in the north. Native American is considered one of the most diverse race in terms of their cultures. Concerned about the drugs psychoactive effects, between the 1880s and 1930s, U.S. authorities attempted to ban Native American religious rituals involving peyote, including the Ghost Dance. Animal bones, seeds, and shells found at the site tell us that the villagers ate river mollusks, deer, beaver, elk, ducks, acorns, hickory nuts, walnuts, grapes, and chokeberries. After the exclusion of such public observances as the shaman initiation, menstrual dance, and victory celebration, which, while generally participated in, are performed primarily for the benefit of individuals, the ceremonies of the California Indians which are of a really public or communal purpose and character fall into three classes: (1) mourning ceremonies; (2 . on November 9, 2006, There are no reviews yet. In a short time after this decisive engagement, practically all the Indians laid down their arms and abandoned the ghost dance religion. When Mingolians are not participating in Festivals or Cultural events, they are working in the Coffee farms. To this list may be added the tea dances, the horseback dances, etc. Pow-Wows A relatively modern word, the term derives from the Narragansett word powwaw, which means spiritual leader. Before the term pow-wow became popular, other words were used to describe these gatherings, such as celebration, doing, fair, feast, festival, and more. Monument to, and history of the Mingo Indians; facts and traditions about this tribe, their wars, chiefs, camps, villages and trails.Monument dedicated to their memory near the village of Mingo, in Tygarts River Valley of West Virginia. Logan did not participate in the resulting Lord Dunmore's War. In the manipulation of ceremonial objects we often observe four movements, or three feints before anything is done. These events might be specific to a certain tribe or inter-tribal. After Europeans settled in the region, groups like the Blackfeet, Crow, Comanche, Cheyenne and Arapaho became nomadic. Most often small drums and rattles were also utilized. Wearing jeans and listening to pop music is common in many places around the world. In these darkened and heated enclosures, a sick individual might be given an herbal remedy, smoke or rub themselves with sacred plants, and a healer might use healing practices to drive away angry spirits and invoke the healing powers of others. As a rule all who perform important functions in the sun dance are required to spend several days in fasting and other purification ceremonies. . After they were conquered by the Iroquois in 1720 and had their land encroached upon by the English, they slowly moved west to Oklahoma. Very rarely did the same individual serve as master of Among these Indians each distinct ceremony or dance has its own peculiar set of songs to which additions are made from time to time. Brecksville Practically all of the typical tribes took up the new beliefs about the same time but no where else did the excitement lead to violence. Contact Us, Submit your request for proposal online or by mail. The art of embalming was advance, as well. The greatest gift Abraham House can give you is peace of mind. The Mingos were an independent group in the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy: Cayuga nation, Mohawk, Oneida, Seneca nation in Western New York State, Tuscarora, and Onondaga and were mostly Senecas and Cayugas. These religions include Judaism, Islam, Catholicism, Confucianism, and Buddhism. The Crow used a bundle containing an image, but a different form of shelter. A newer theory is that many died from European diseases that spread with trade goods from more eastern tribes. Mingoes were kicked out of the Iroquois Confederacy because of disloyalty, and that is how the Mingo Confederacy was born and their war with the Iroquois Confederacy began. Historic Indians. Green Corn festivals are still practiced today by many different native peoples of the Southeastern Woodland Culture. Plato gave a description of the Western Hemisphere (the Americas), or the Elysium fieldswhich his character Homer spoke of. At the end of each day of the festival, feasts are held to celebrate the good harvest. These are the torture, the circular shelter of poles, the use of a sacred bundle, the altar, the erection of a sun pole, and the dancing ceremonies. Groups of men, women, and children canoed the river stopping along the way so the men could hunt on shore. The ingredients include 1 pounds of boneless chicken, 3 tbsp. They were known as the Seneca of Sandusky when they moved from Ohio to the Indian Territory in 1832, a people called Mingo in colonial times who moved early in the eighteenth century from Pennsylvania to the Ohio and thence to the Sandusky River region, where they became known as Seneca of Sandusky. Monument dedicated to their memory near the village of Mingo, in Tygarts River Valley of West Virginia by Cobb, William Henry, b. The Egyptian went on to say that at the time of Egyptian, Babylonian, Greek civilization that a civilization in America existed, which was equally great in architecture, war, mathematics, art, and agriculture. Another famous Mingo leader was Chief Logan (c. 17231780), who had good relations with neighboring white settlers. All participants were provided with decorated cloth garments bearing symbolic designs which were believed to have such relation with the coming Messiah that all who wore them would be protected from all harm. They had a powerful alliance with the Shawnee Confederacy. mingo tribe ceremonies | July 01 / 2022 | summer bartholomew picturessummer bartholomew pictures of brown sugar, and last but not least, 4 scallions. Bronson Cooper Sylestine (Tic-Ca-Itche) was principal chief of the Alabama-Coushatta Tribe from 1936 to 1969. Why they left and where they went is unknown. : Printed by F. B. Jenvy, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). 1700's. 1750 Mingo Indians, the Native American tribe of the Six Nations group from the Senecas live along the Ohio River at the mouth of Cross Creek (called Shenanjee) in what becomes known as the Mingo Bottoms; Mingoes were sometimes known as the Ohio Senecas and typically migrated.. 1755 A white girl Mary Jemison is abducted from Philadelphia and brought to Jefferson County and Mingo . It's scholarship season, 4-H'ers! Mingolians love to celebrate all theyre thankful for by throwing festivals and following their one of a kind traditions and customs. Bio Originally Created by: Joe Ferrell Added: 23 Feb 2005 FIND A GRAVE ID #46594555 Fallen Graver: Logan, originally A Friend to the White Man, was born a Cayuga Indian. With the possible exception of the Plains-Cree all used a sacred bundle of some form. By 1750, the Ohio Seneca had left the Iroquois homeland in New York and traveled to the Ohio . To commemorate important dates in history they have created holidays that will allow Mingolians to always remember the past and learn from it. Over the years, practices and ceremonies changed with tribes needs. A man leads and has the entire direction of the ritual, other men and perhaps women assisting him. The northeast consisted of two primary groups: Iroquoian speakers (Oneida, Cayuga, Onondaga, Erie, Tuscarora and Seneca), and Algonquian speakers (Fox, Pequot, Wampanoag, Shawnee, Menominee and Delaware). The etymology of the name Mingo derives from the Delaware (Lenape) word, mingwe or Minque, as adapted from their Algonquian language, meaning "stealthy". He conducted a series of raids against white settlers with a dozen followers, not all of whom were Mingo. Archeologists have found pieces of decorated pottery and arrowheads of many sizes there. After the US passed the Indian Removal Act in that same year, the government pressured the Mingo to sell their lands and migrate west of the Mississippi River to Kansas, which they did in 1832. These religions include Judaism, Islam, Catholicism, Confucianism, and Buddhism. (Accessed August 08, 2017. Ceremonies were used to help groups of people return to harmony; but, large ceremonies were generally not used for individual healing. In the same class may be mentioned the kissing or hugging dance, sometimes called the Cree dance. The persons participating are rather passive. Pontiac's Bloody Belt passed from village to village, but the weary and nervous traveler was always welcome at the cabin of Logan . The word Mingo is said to be a corruption of mingwe, an Algonquin word meaning "stealthy" or "treacherous. CNN . Logan and the Mingo in the period following Lord Dunmore's War are featured prominently in the Gothic novel Logan (1822) by John Neal. The demonstration seems to be ordered on the theory, that, as in the original revelation, the divine element will be present in the objects and appurtenances thereto. vaeanu low cost; visual arts organizations in the philippines; shadowhunter family mottos; canada customs calgary airport phone number; 70s clothing brands that no longer exist We have practically no attempts to impersonate and to act out in detail the parts played by supernatural beings. The experience is almost identical to taking lysergic acid diethylamide, better known as LSD. The Casual attire of Mingolians includes any type of tropical shirts and shorts. 30, 2019. The ceremonies were guided by healers, also known as roadmen, as they were thought to guide a persons journey through life. mingo tribe ceremonies. An anonymous map of the Ohio drawn about 1755 shows the notation at the same location that "Senecas moved from here last summer". Then, you heat marinade the chicken in a saute pan at around medium-high heat. Most were forced to move from Ohio to Indian Territory in the early 1830s under the federal Indian Removal program. Activities varied from tribe to tribe, but the common thread is that the corn was not to be eaten until the Great Spirit has been given his proper thanks. Interior Secretary Henry M. Teller ordered an end to all heathenish dances and ceremonies on reservations due to their great hindrance to civilization. This was further supported the following year by Hiram Price, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, when his 1883 report stated: there is no good reason why an Indian should be permitted to indulge in practices which are alike repugnant to common decency and morality; and the preservation of good order on the reservations demands that some active measures should be taken to discourage and, if possible, put a stop to the demoralizing influence of heathenish rites.. Death Ceremonies Native Americans celebrated death, knowing that it was an end to life on Earth, but, believing it to be the start of life in the Spirit World. By this time, people here lived in scattered small villages in the valleys fertile floodplains. The Mingo were a highly developed culture and though displaced by Europeans, they have retained many of their customs and beliefs. During the early 1700s, southern West Virginia, including present-day Wyoming County, was used as a hunting ground by the Mingo, who lived in both the Tygart Valley and along the Ohio River in West Virginia=s northern panhandle region, the Delaware, who lived in present-day eastern .
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