Connecticut's proposal was an attempt to slow the growth of the nation, control westward expansion, and bolster the federal government's revenue. 1. emigration the movement of people from one place to another 2. immigration a situation in which resources are being used up at a faster rate than they can be replenished 3. migration the leaving of one's homeland to settle in a new place 4. overpopulation the movement of people to a new country 5. sustainable development a situation in which the birth rate is not sufficient to replace the . We, sir, who oppose the Carolina doctrine, do not deny that the people may, if they choose, throw off any government, when it becomes oppressive and intolerable, and erect a better in its stead. Daniel webster, in a dramatic speech, showed the. He was a lawyer turned congressional representative who eventually worked his way to the office of U.S. Secretary of State. She has a BA in political science. . succeed. Foot calling for the temporary suspension of further land surveying until land already on the market was sold (to effectively stop the introduction of new lands onto the market). The Virginia Resolution asserted that when the federal government undertook the deliberate, palpable, and dangerous exercise of powers not granted to it in the constitution, states had the right and duty to interpose their authority to prevent this evil. . What they said I believe; fully and sincerely believe, that the Union of the states is essential to the prosperity and safety of the states. Ah! Webster's description of the U.S. government as "made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people," was later paraphrased by Abraham Lincoln in the Gettysburg Address in the words "government of the people, by the people, for the people." . Hayne entered the U.S. Senate in 1823 and soon became prominent as a spokesman for the South and for the . They undertook to form a general government, which should stand on a new basisnot a confederacy, not a league, not a compact between states, but a Constitution; a popular government, founded in popular election, directly responsible to the people themselves, and divided into branches, with prescribed limits of power, and prescribed duties. He served as a U.S. senator from 1823 to 1832, and was a leading proponent of the states' rights doctrine. It was about protectionist tariffs.The speeches between Webster and Hayne themselves were not planned. . For one, Hayne and Webster were arguing for the fate of the West and, in particular, whether the North or South would control western development. If they mean merely this, then, no doubt, the public lands as well as everything else in which we have a common interest, tends to consolidation; and to this species of consolidation every true American ought to be attached; it is neither more nor less than strengthening the Union itself. Next, the Union was held up to view in all its strength, symmetry, and integrity, reposing in the ark of the Constitution, no longer an experiment, as in the days when Hamilton and Jefferson contended for shaping its course, but ordained and established by and for the people, to secure the blessings of liberty to all posterity. Under that system, the legal actionthe application of law to individuals, belonged exclusively to the states. Such interference has never been supposed to be within the power of government; nor has it been, in any way, attempted. At the foundation of the constitution of these new Northwestern states, . South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification 1832 | Crisis, Cause & Issues. I regard domestic slavery as one of the greatest of evils, both moral and political. They attack nobody, and menace nobody. This is the sense in which the Framers of the Constitution use the word consolidation; and in which sense I adopt and cherish it. It is worth noting that in the course of the debate, on the very floor of the Senate, both Hayne and Webster raised the specter of civil war 30 years before it commenced. They will also better understand the debate's political context. When the gentleman says the Constitution is a compact between the states, he uses language exactly applicable to the old Confederation. See Genesis 9:2027. . we find the most opposite and irreconcilable opinions between the two parties which I have before described. Judiciary Act of 1801 | Overview, History & Significance, General Ulysses S. Grant Takes Charge: His Strategic Plan for Ending the War. . Debate on the Constitutionality of the Mexican War, Letters and Journals from the Oregon Trail. . The arena selected for a first impression was the Senate, where the arch-heretic himself presided and guided the onset with his eye. . This government, sir, is the independent offspring of the popular will. Be this as it may, Hayne was a ready and copious orator, a highly-educated lawyer, a man of varied accomplishments, shining as a writer, speaker, and counselor, equally qualified to draw up a bill or to advocate it, quick to memories, well fortified by wealth and marriage connections, dignified, never vulgar nor unmindful of the feelings of those with whom he mingled, Hayne moved in an atmosphere where lofty and chivalrous honor was the ruling sentiment. . . The debate continued, in some ways not being fully settled until the completion of the Civil War affirmed the power of the federal government to preserve the Union over the sovereignty of the states to leave it. They significantly declare, that it is time to calculate the value of the Union; and their aim seems to be to enumerate, and to magnify all the evils, real and imaginary, which the government under the Union produces. Daniel webster (ma) and sen. Hayne of . . Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 25, 1830. . During the course of the debates, the senators touched on pressing political issues of the daythe tariff, Western lands, internal improvementsbecause behind these and others were two very different understandings of the origin and nature of the American Union. In coming to the consideration of the next great question, what ought to be the future policy of the government in relation to the public lands? Well, it's important to remember that the nation was still young and much different than what we think of today. Who doesn't? . In whatever is within the proper sphere of the constitutional power of this government, we look upon the states as one. . It laid the interdict against personal servitude, in original compact, not only deeper than all local law, but deeper, also, than all local constitutions. An undefinable dread now went abroad that men were planning against the peace of the nation, that the Union was in danger; and citizens looked more closely after its safety and welfare. [was] fixed, forever, the character of the population in the vast regions Northwest of the Ohio, by excluding from them involuntary servitude. I say, the right of a state to annul a law of Congress, cannot be maintained, but on the ground of the unalienable right of man to resist oppression; that is to say, upon the ground of revolution. But I take leave of the subject. . . Hayne launched his confident javelin at the New England States. The Hayne-Webster Debate was an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation. T he Zionist-evangelical back story goes back several decades, with 90-year-old televangelist Pat Robertson being a prime case study.. One of the more notable "coincidences" or anomalies Winter Watch brings to your attention is the image of Robertson on the cover of Time magazine in 1986 back before the public was red pilled by the Internet -as the pastor posed with a gesture called . . Pet Banks History & Effects | What are Pet Banks? The Revelation on Celestial Marriage: Trouble Amon Hon. Let their last feeble and lingering glance, rather behold the gorgeous Ensign of the Republic, now known and honored throughout the earth, still full high advanced, its arms and trophies streaming in their original luster, not a stripe erased or polluted, nor a single star obscuredbearing for its motto, no such miserable interrogatory as, what is all this worth? Besides that, however, the federal government was still figuring out its role in American society. Their own power over their own instrument remains. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The discussion took a wide range, going back to topics that had agitated the country before the Constitution was formed. The answer is Daniel Webster, one of the greatest orators in US Senate history, a successful attorney and Senator from Massachusetts and a complex and enigmatic man. Are we yet at the mercy of state discretion, and state construction? flashcard sets. . And here it will be necessary to go back to the origin of the federal government. Historians love a good debate. The senator from Massachusetts, in denouncing what he is pleased to call the Carolina doctrine,[5] has attempted to throw ridicule upon the idea that a state has any constitutional remedy by the exercise of its sovereign authority against a gross, palpable, and deliberate violation of the Constitution. He called it an idle or a ridiculous notion, or something to that effect; and added, that it would make the Union a mere rope of sand. . . . Now, I wish to be informedhowthis state interference is to be put in practice, without violence, bloodshed, and rebellion. . This means that South Carolina is essentially its own nation, Georgia is its own nation, and so on. sir, this is but the old story. Create your account. But his reply was gathered from the choicest arguments and the most decadent thoughts that had long floated through his brain while this crisis was gathering; and bringing these materials together in a lucid and compact shape, he calmly composed and delivered before another crowded and breathless auditory a speech full of burning passages, which will live as long as the American Union, and the grandest effort of his life. One of those was the Webster-Hayne debate, a series of unplanned speeches presented before the Senate between January 19th and 27th of 1830. Under the circumstances then existing, I look upon this original and seasonable provision, as a real good attained. . Webster also tried to assert the importance of New England in the face of . . . copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. . . This statement, though strong, is no stronger than the strictest truth will warrant. . . . What followed, the Webster Hayne debate, was one of the most famous exchanges in Senate history. Sir, I am one of those who believe that the very life of our system is the independence of the states, and that there is no evil more to be deprecated than the consolidation of this government. The debates between daniel webster of massachusetts and robert hayne of south carolina gave. Mr. Hayne having rejoined to Mr. Webster, especially on the constitutional question. Noah grew a vineyard, got drunk on wine and lay naked. There was an end to all apprehension. Northern states intended to strengthen the federal government, binding the states in the union under one supreme law, and eradicating the use of slave labor in the rapidly growing nation. Webster-Hayne Debate. In this regard, Webster anticipated an argument that Abraham Lincoln made in his First Inaugural Address (1861). I admit that there is an ultimate violent remedy, above the Constitution, and in defiance of the Constitution, which may be resorted to, when a revolution is to be justified. Religious Views: Letter to the Editor of the Illin Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Douglas Faction), (Northern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. And what has been the consequence? . It has been said that Hayne was Calhoun's sword and buckler and that he returned to the contest refreshed each morning by nightly communions with the Vice-President, drawing auxiliary supplies from the well-stored arsenal of his powerful and subtle mind. . . Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 19, 1830. .Readers will finish the book with a clear idea of the reason Webster's "Reply" became so influential in its own day. He rose, the image of conscious mastery, after the dull preliminary business of the day was dispatched, and with a happy figurative allusion to the tossed mariner, as he called for a reading of the resolution from which the debate had so far drifted, lifted his audience at once to his level. Battle of Fort Sumter in the Civil War | Who Won the Battle of Fort Sumter? It was of a partizan and censorious character and drew nearly all the chief senators out. The other way was through the sale of federally-owned land to private citizens. He must say to his followers [members of the state militia], defend yourselves with your bayonets; and this is warcivil war. Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 27, 1830. . Sir, when the gentleman provokes me to such a conflict, I meet him at the threshold. Read reviews from world's largest community for readers. A speech by Louisiana Senator Edward Livingston, however, neatly explains how American nationhood encompasses elements of both Webster and Hayne's ideas. I wish to see no new powers drawn to the general government; but I confess I rejoice in whatever tends to strengthen the bond that unites us, and encourages the hope that our Union may be perpetual. . . It is not the creature of state Legislatures; nay, more, if the whole truth must be told, the people brought it into existence, established it, and have hitherto supported it, for the very purpose, amongst others, of imposing certain salutary restraints on state sovereignties. Sir, when arraigned before the bar of public opinion, on this charge of slavery, we can stand up with conscious rectitude, plead not guilty, and put ourselves upon God and our country. These verses recount the first occurrence of slavery. What a commentary on the wisdom, justice, and humanity, of the Southern slave owner is presented by the example of certain benevolent associations and charitable individuals elsewhere. The gentleman takes alarm at the sound. Let us look at the historical facts. Crittenden Compromise Plan & Reception | What was the Crittenden Compromise? . Robert Young Hayne, (born Nov. 10, 1791, Colleton District, S.C., U.S.died Sept. 24, 1839, Asheville, N.C.), American lawyer, political leader, and spokesman for the South, best-remembered for his debate with Daniel Webster (1830), in which he set forth a doctrine of nullification. I distrust, therefore, sir, the policy of creating a great permanent national treasury, whether to be derived from public lands or from any other source. The people read Webster's speech and marked him as the champion henceforth against all assaults upon the Constitution. What interest, asks he, has South Carolina in a canal in Ohio? Sir, this very question is full of significance. . . . I shrink almost instinctively from a course, however necessary, which may have a tendency to excite sectional feelings, and sectional jealousies. It was a great and salutary measure of prevention. He describes fully that old state of things then existing. 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The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of spontaneous speeches delivered before the Senate in 1830. . Sir, I deprecate and deplore this tone of thinking and acting. Whose agent is it? I maintain that, from the day of the cession of the territories by the states to Congress, no portion of the country has acted, either with more liberality or more intelligence, on the subject of the Western lands in the new states, than New England. - Women's Rights Facts & Significance, Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points: Definition, Speech & Summary, Fireside Chats: Definition & Significance, JFK's New Frontier: Definition, Speech & Program. As sovereign states, each state could individually interpret the Constitution and even leave the Union altogether. He speaks as if he were in Congress before 1789. . - Definition and Uses, Public Speaking: Assignment 1 - Informative Speech, Public Speaking: Assignment 3 - Special Occasion Speech, The Role of Probability Distributions, Random Numbers & the Computer in Simulations, The Monte Carlo Simulation: Scope & Common Applications, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, The methods by which the federal government earned its revenue, The federal government's surveying and selling of land west of the Mississippi River, The issue of slavery, which was beginning to divide the Northern and Southern states, The balance of power between federal and state governments. Conversation-based seminars for collegial PD, one-day and multi-day seminars, graduate credit seminars (MA degree), online and in-person. Between January and May 1830, twenty-one of the forty-eight senators delivered a staggering sixty-five speeches on the nature of the Union. Create your account, 15 chapters | The debate can be seen as a precursor to the debate that became . An accomplished politician, Hayne was an eloquent orator who enthralled his audiences. How do Webster and Hayne differ in regard to their understandings of the proper relationship among the several states and between the states and the national government? Van Buren responded to the Panic of 1837 with the idea of the independent treasury, which was a. a system of depositing money in select independent banks We found that we had to deal with a people whose physical, moral, and intellectual habits and character, totally disqualified them from the enjoyment of the blessings of freedom. . Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. Shedding weak tears over sufferings which had existence only in their own sickly imaginations, these friends of humanity set themselves systematically to work to seduce the slaves of the South from their masters. After his term as a senator, he served as the Governor of South Carolina. The Commercial Greatness of the United States, Special Message to Congress (Tyler Doctrine), Estranged Labour and The Communist Manifesto, State of the Union Address Part II (1848). Correct answers: 2 question: Which of the following is the best definition of a hypothesis? Webster and the North treated it as binding the states together as a single union. To them, the more money the central government made, the stronger it became and the more it took rights away from the states to govern themselves. Will it promote the welfare of the United States to have at our disposal a permanent treasury, not drawn from the pockets of the people, but to be derived from a source independent of them? . This is the true constitutional consolidation. . . During his first years in Congress, Webster railed against President James Madison 's war policies, invoking a states' rights argument to oppose a conscription bill that went down to defeat.. On that system, Ohio and Carolina are different governments, and different countries, connected here, it is true, by some slight and ill-defined bond of union, but, in all main respects, separate and diverse. But still, throughout American history, several debates have captured the nation's attention in a way that would make even Hollywood jealous. . Now that was a good debate! I will yield to no gentleman here in sincere attachment to the Union,but it is a Union founded on the Constitution, and not such a Union as that gentleman would give us, that is dear to my heart. This, sir, is General Washingtons consolidation. Connecticut and other northeastern states were worried about the pace of growth and wanted to slow this down. . States' rights (South) vs. nationalism (North). Consolidation!that perpetual cry, both of terror and delusionconsolidation! . The 1830 WebsterHayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism. We love to dwell on that union, and on the mutual happiness which it has so much promoted, and the common renown which it has so greatly contributed to acquire. . The taxes paid by foreign nations to export American cotton, for example, generated lots of money for the government. I will struggle while I have life, for our altars and our fire sides, and if God gives me strength, I will drive back the invader discomfited. . Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Breckinridge Facti (Southern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. Thirty years before the Civil War broke out, disunion appeared to be on the horizon with the Nullification Crisis. Hayne, South Carolina's foremost Senator, was the chosen champion; and the cause of his State, both in its right and wrong sides, could have found no abler exponent while [Vice President] Calhoun's official station kept him from the floor. Several state governments or courts, some in the north, had espoused the idea of nullification prior to 1828. The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of spontaneous speeches presented to the United States Senate by senators Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. Let's start by looking at the United States around 1830. MTEL Speech: Notable Debates & Speeches in U.S. History, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858: Summary & Significance, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Significance of Daniel Webster's Argument, MTEL Speech: Principles of Argument & Debate, MTEL Speech: Understanding Persuasive Communication, MTEL Speech: Public Argument in Democratic Societies. Edited and introduced by Jason W. Stevens. It was a speech delivered before a crowded auditory, and loud were the Southern exultations that he was more than a match for Webster. . This was the tenor of Webster's speech, and nobly did the country respond to it. The militia of the state will be called out to sustain the nullifying act. Lincoln-Douglas Debates History & Significance | What Was the Lincoln-Douglas Debate? Which of the following statements best represents the desires of the Northern states during the debate of Missouri statehood? The whole form and structure of the federal government, the opinions of the Framers of the Constitution, and the organization of the state governments, demonstrate that though the states have surrendered certain specific powers, they have not surrendered their sovereignty. . TeachingAmericanHistory.org is a project of the Ashbrook Center at Ashland University, 401 College Avenue, Ashland, Ohio 44805 PHONE (419) 289-5411 TOLL FREE (877) 289-5411 EMAIL [emailprotected], The Congress Sends Twelve Amendments to the States, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 7th Debate Part I, National Disfranchisement of Colored People, William Lloyd Garrison to Thomas Shipley. The real significance of this debate was in each man's interpretation of the United States Constitution. The significance of Daniel Webster's argument went far beyond the immediate proposal at hand. Robert Young Hayne spent more than two decades in elected offices, including mayor of Charleston, member of South Carolina's legislature, attorney general, and then governor of the state. Thousands of these deluded victims of fanaticism were seduced into the enjoyment of freedom in our Northern cities. . . He must cut it with his sword. The idea that a state could nullify a federal law, associated with South Carolina, especially after the publication of John C. Calhouns South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828) in response to the tariff passed in that year. While the Union lasts, we have high, exciting, gratifying prospects spread out before us, for us and our children. An equally. State governments were in control of their own affairs and expected little intervention from the federal government. A state will be restrained by a sincere love of the Union. This was the man to fire an aristocracy of fellow citizens ready to arm when their interests were in danger, and upon him, it devolved to advance the cause of South Carolina, break down the tariff, and fascinate the Union with the new rattlesnake theories. Webster rose the next day in his seat to make his reply. It is only by a strict adherence to the limitations imposed by the Constitution on the federal government, that this system works well, and can answer the great ends for which it was instituted. Expert Answers. The Destiny of America, Speech at the Dedication o An Address. . On the one side it is contended that the public land ought to be reserved as a permanent fund for revenue, and future distribution among the states, while, on the other, it is insisted that the whole of these lands of right belong to, and ought to be relinquished to, the states in which they lie. . Congress could only recommendtheir acts were not of binding force, till the states had adopted and sanctioned them. This episode was used in nineteenth century America as a Biblical justification for slavery. First, New England was vindicated. The United States, under the Constitution and federal government, was a single, unified nation, not a coalition of sovereign states. Daniel Webster argued against nullification (the idea that states could disobey federal laws) arguing in favor of a strong federal government which would bind the states together under the Constitution. foote wanted to stop surveying lands until they could sell the ones already looked at . . The tendency of all these ideas and sentiments is obviously to bring the Union into discussion, as a mere question of present and temporary expediency; nothing more than a mere matter of profit and loss. . I understand the gentleman to maintain, that, without revolution, without civil commotion, without rebellion, a remedy for supposed abuse and transgression of the powers of the general government lies in a direct appeal to the interference of the state governments.
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